25 Writing Data
To be able to use Rizin in write mode, you need to load your binary as such: rizin -w bin.
Rizin can manipulate a loaded binary file in many ways. You can resize the file, move and copy/paste bytes, insert new bytes (shifting data to the end of the block or file), or simply overwrite bytes. New data may be given as a wide-string, assembler instructions, or the data may be read in from another file.
Resize the file using the r command. It accepts a numeric argument. A positive value sets a new size for the file. A negative one will truncate the file to the current seek position minus N bytes.
r 1024 ; resize the file to 1024 bytes
r -10 @ 33 ; strip 10 bytes at offset 33Write bytes using the w command. It accepts multiple input formats like inline assembly, endian-friendly dwords, files, hexpair files, wide strings:
[0x00404888]> w?
Usage: w[?] # Write commands
| w <string> # Write string
| wB[-] # Set or unset bits with given value
| wv[1248] # Write value of given size
| w0 <len> # Write <len> bytes with value 0x00
| w<1248><+-> [<n>] # Increment/decrement byte, word, ...
| w6<de> # Write base64 [d]ecoded or [e]ncoded string
| we<nsx> # Extend write operations (insert bytes instead of replacing)
| wu <file> # Apply unified hex patch (see output of cu)
| wr <len> # Write <len> random bytes
| wc[j*-+ip?] # Write cache commands
| wz <string> # Write zero-terminated string
| wf[xfs] # Write data from file, socket, offset
| ww <string> # Write wide (16-bit) little-endian string
| wx[f] # Write hexadecimal data
| wa[ifo] # Write opcodes
| wb <hex> # Write in current block a hexstring cyclically
| wm[-] # Set binary mask hexpair to be used as cyclic write mask
| wo<?> # Write a block with a special operation
| wD[/] # Write de Bruijn pattern
| wd <src> <len> # Duplicate <len> bytes from <src> offset to current seek
| ws <string> # Write 1 byte for length and then the string
Detailed help for w <string> is provided by w??.Some examples:
[0x00000000]> wx 123456 @ 0x8048300
[0x00000000]> wv 0x8048123 @ 0x8049100
[0x00000000]> wa "jmp 0x8048320"25.0.1 Write Over
The wo command (write over) has many subcommands, each combines the existing data with the new data using an operator. The command is applied to the current block. Supported operators include XOR, ADD, SUB…
[0x4A13B8C0]> wo?
Usage: wo<?> # Write a block with a special operation
| wo2 # Swap the endianess of 2-bytes values in the current block
| wo4 # Swap the endianess of 4-bytes values in the current block
| wo8 # Swap the endianess of 8-bytes values in the current block
| woa <value> # Add each existing byte in the block with the given <value>
| woA <value> # Bitwise-and each existing byte in the block with the given <value>
| wod <value> # Divide each existing byte in the block with the given <value>
| wol <value> # Bitwise-shift-left each existing byte in the block with the given <value>
| wom <value> # Multiply each existing byte in the block with the given <value>
| woo <value> # Bitwise-or each existing byte in the block with the given <value>
| wor <value> # Bitwise-shift-right each existing byte in the block with the given <value>
| wos <value> # Subtract each existing byte in the block with the given <value>
| wox <value> # Bitwise-xor each existing byte in the block with the given <value>
| woe <from> <to> <step>=1 <value_size>=1 # Write a sequence repeatedly with values from <from> up to <to> in the block
| woD <algo> <key> [<IV>] # Decrypt current block with given <algo>, <key> and optional <IV>
| woE <algo> <key> [<IV>] # Encrypt current block with given <algo>, <key> and optional <IV>
Examples:
| woa 20 # Content before: 1122334455 ; Content after: 3142536475
| wos 2021 # Content before: 1122334455 ; Content after: f101132335
| wo4 # Content before: 1122334455667788; Content after: 4433221188776655It is possible to implement cipher-algorithms using rizin core primitives and wo. A sample session performing xor(90) + add(01, 02):
[0x7fcd6a891630]> px
- offset - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x7fcd6a891630 4889 e7e8 6839 0000 4989 c48b 05ef 1622
0x7fcd6a891640 005a 488d 24c4 29c2 5248 89d6 4989 e548
0x7fcd6a891650 83e4 f048 8b3d 061a 2200 498d 4cd5 1049
0x7fcd6a891660 8d55 0831 ede8 06e2 0000 488d 15cf e600
[0x7fcd6a891630]> wox 90
[0x7fcd6a891630]> px
- offset - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x7fcd6a891630 d819 7778 d919 541b 90ca d81d c2d8 1946
0x7fcd6a891640 1374 60d8 b290 d91d 1dc5 98a1 9090 d81d
0x7fcd6a891650 90dc 197c 9f8f 1490 d81d 95d9 9f8f 1490
0x7fcd6a891660 13d7 9491 9f8f 1490 13ff 9491 9f8f 1490
[0x7fcd6a891630]> woa 01 02
[0x7fcd6a891630]> px
- offset - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x7fcd6a891630 d91b 787a 91cc d91f 1476 61da 1ec7 99a3
0x7fcd6a891640 91de 1a7e d91f 96db 14d9 9593 1401 9593
0x7fcd6a891650 c4da 1a6d e89a d959 9192 9159 1cb1 d959
0x7fcd6a891660 9192 79cb 81da 1652 81da 1456 a252 7c77